Stuart Corner
Sunday, 09 March 2008 16:55
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Subrosasoft's MacForensicLabs has published a white paper describing vulnerabilities in the Mac OS X operating system making recommendations to Apple on how to reduce or eliminate these.
The
white paper identifes three key aspects of OS X that it says could be exploited: the 'bundle' architecture under which the many files associated with an application are bundled together and appear to the user as a single file; the fact that the application folder in which these files are stored has no access restrictions; and the centralised Address Book application whose database can be read and written by any program running on the computer.
Components of an application 'bundle' could include multiple executables for different platforms such as Classic Mac OS, PowerPC or Intel-based computers, multiple language files so that a single copy of the application bundle can be used in different countries and appear in the native language of that country, graphics, buttons and media resources used within the application and help files, manuals, etc.
According to the White Paper, "The structure of the bundle architecture makes it easier to piggyback executable code within an existing trusted application by simply renaming the existing executable [eg] iTunes found in the [applications folder] and inserting a second executable into the [applications] folder with the original's executable name. When the user executes the bundle (in this case iTunes.app) the virus code would execute instead. The virus would then launch the renamed iTunes executable so that the user would not be aware they had run the wrong program."
Mac OS X also makes use of the bundle architecture for storage of user documents in many modern applications such as iMovie, iDVD, and the many pro tools. These bundles typically have their file extension marked invisible so, the white paper says, "it is possible to disguise an executable program as a data 'file' for such a tool. These bundles can open both their own malware code as well as the desired real application whilst conserving the look and feel of the real data."
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