Telstra has revealed the addition of almost one million new mobile services in the six months to December 2011, but Sensis revenues plummeted 24 percent in 12 months.
Men with the lowest blood levels of vitamin D were found to be twice as likely to have a heart attack as men with the highest levels of vitamin D in the blood.
The researchers concluded, “Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction in a graded manner, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with coronary artery disease.”
They also found that men with even intermediate levels of vitamin D had an increased risk when compared to those men with higher levels of vitamin D.
Vitamin D regulates levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. It also promotes bone formation and mineralization in the body, which provides for a strong skeleton.
A type of vitamin D (D3) is produced in the skin that is exposed to sunlight. Only fish naturally contains vitamin D. Much of the vitamin D ingested by humans comes from food fortified with vitamin D, such as milk, soy milk, and breakfast cereals, or in vitamin supplements.
Bruce Hollis (Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston), a coauthor in the study, stated that too little vitamin D in the blood stream is “right up there with high blood pressure and smoking.” [Science News: July 5, 2008, page 9]
The researchers involved in the study are Edward Giovannucci, Yan Liu, Bruce W. Hollis, and Eric B. Rimm.
The authors are associated with the: Departments of Nutrition (Giovannucci, Rimm, Liu) and Epidemiology (Giovannucci and Rimm), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Giovannucci and Rimm); and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Hollis).
Lower-than-normal levels suggest a vitamin D deficiency. This condition can result from:
Lack of sunlight exposure
Lack of adequate vitamin D in the diet
Liver and kidney diseases
Malabsorption
Certain medicines, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, and rifampin
A vitamin D deficiency may lead to:
Low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia)
Thin or weak bones (rickets, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia)
High levels of parathyroid hormone (secondary hyperparathyroidism)
David Bass
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