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Construction needs cloud flexibility

Australia’s embattled construction sector could benefit from cloud based information systems that can be switched on and off in lockstep with individual projects – with the exception of those organisations based in remote areas like the Kimberleys.

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It's green! It's alive! And, it's a laser!

Science - Energy

Scientists from the Massachusetts General Hospital have developed the first laser that works from a living cell emitting green laser light. And, the cell lived to tell about its experiences.


The green fluorescent protein (GFP), what is living biological mammalian cells, was persuaded by two U.S. scientists to emit green laser light -- what is being called a biological cell laser.

GFP is a protein that is composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kiloDaltons), which characteristically shows bright, green fluorescence when exposed to blue light.

Learn more about green fluorescent protein at The GPF Site.

The two scientists performing this first-time creation of a living laser is Dr. Malte Gather and Seok-Hyun Tun, both from the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital.

According to the Scientific American article 'Green Fluorescent Protein Makes for Living Lasers,' the two scientists ''¦ inserted the genetic material needed to express a form of the GFP protein, known as enhanced GFP, into a living cell derived from a human embryonic kidney cell line.'

The summary of their research was published on June 12, 2011, in the journal Nature Photonics.

Its title is 'Single-cell biological lasers.'

They state, 'Here, we show that fluorescent proteins in cells are a viable gain medium for optical amplification, and report the first successful realization of biological cell lasers based on green fluorescent protein (GFP).'

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