William Atkins
Monday, 10 August 2009 18:54
Science -
Energy
Page 8 of 9
Let’s talk in more detail about the muon-electron mass ratio, m
μ/m
e.
THE FOUR TERMS OF THE MUON-ELECTRON MASS RATIO The muon-electron mass ratio (m
μ/m
e) belongs to the physical constants that were believed previously not to be calculable. The reason for this belief was that nothing in the QED theory for the electron hints at the existence of a heavy electron—the muon—or a superheavy one—the tauon. Their existence was an enigma that to this day has puzzled physicists. [Read more about the confusion caused by their discovery in “they solve the mystery” (see below).]
However, in the Predictive Cosmology theory, not only is the muon-electron mass ratio calculable, but its value reflects the history of the early Universe and helps fill in the fine details about the process leading to our present stable Universe.
The ratio’s theoretically computed value may be written as a sum of four terms:
m
μ/m
e = 205.759 223 + 1.009 816 − 0.000 830 + 0.000 074 = 206.768 283.
The
first term—the zeroth-order value 1/Bα = 205.759 223, with B a numerical constant given by the solution to the momentum equation—is directly connected to the electromagnetic force, which is characterized by the fine-structure constant α = 1/137.036 = 0.007 297.
The
second term— +1.009 816 —is a correction that appears when the spinless muon of phase 2 is succeeded by the spinning electron of phase 3. Its value is obtained as a sum of an infinite series of Feynman diagrams in scalar QED.
The third and fourth terms are obtained from electroweak Feynman diagrams, which accompany the appearance of the Higgs bosons and the neutrinos. The two terms are directly connected to the Higgs and neutrino masses, respectively.
The
third term— −0.000 830 —reveals that the creation of the proton was a two-step process involving four Higgs bosons. In the first step, a single Higgs boson mediates the transfer of energy required to convert the last two electron pairs into a couple of pion pairs of 273 times greater mass. In the second step, the last pion pair is transformed into a 6.7 times heavier proton pair with the aid of three additional Higgs bosons.
The
fourth term— +0.000 074 —with sign opposite to that of the third term, reflects the fact that the three Higgs bosons supply more energy to the strong force than is needed to create the proton pair. Its value is a measure of the surplus energy that is restored to the background photons by the weak force, which in so doing fulfills its last task. And in the process transforms into the present, highly complex weak force—a force that has puzzled physicists ever since it was first discovered, as no obvious reason for its existence or complexity was previously found.
Calculation of the fourth term in both the local picture and the global picture reveals that the life of the last pion was prolonged by the appearance of a parity-switching weak force (interchanging left and right), which by necessity brought with it a superweak CP-violating effect with no purpose. (The effect is observed in kaon decay and implies that a particle and its antiparticle—matter and antimatter—do not always, in every respect, behave as each other’s exact opposites.)
The four terms result from well-established physical theories; the fundamental hydrodynamic equation (or momentum equation) and the pure QED and electroweak theories of SM. Since all four terms are unambiguously defined and no alternative to them can reasonably be conceived, it is virtually impossible that the good agreement (to within 0.025 ppm) between theory and experiment could result from chance.
Page 9 concludes.
