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Mobile operators get fixed price spectrum renewal in $3b Government windfall

The Government has offered Australia's three mobile operators, and vividwireless, renewal of their existing spectrum allocated on 15 year licences in the late 90s and early 2000s at set prices, while the Government expects to rake in $3 billion.

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Got bacteria? Yes, and you are unique!

Science - Biology



Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms. They form a large group, with many different lengths, shapes, and sizes.

Scientists estimate that about five nonillion bacteria, that's 5 x 1030, exist on the Earth. [Statistics provided by: "Prokaryotes: The unseen majority"]

The U.S. researchers found that different locations on the body house very different bacteria depending on the individual.

According to the November 5, 2009 Science News article Bacteria flourish in favorite ecosystems on the human body, new map shows, the authors stated, “It was really surprising to us just how little was shared at different sites on the same subjects.”

And, “While some places, such as the navel, forehead and armpits, were colonized with few kinds of bacteria, other places, including the back of the knee, palm and forearm, had many different types of bacteria all living together. In fact, most people had at least one skin site with more diversity than that of the microbe-rich gut.” [Science News]

Dr. Rob Knight, assistance professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (University of Colorado) and one of the authors of the study, stated, “People seem to be colonized by very different bacteria.” [Science News]

Most of these bacteria are helpful to human health. They assist the body in digestion and help to minimize and prevent infections. Others are not so helpful because they cause health problems.

Thus, this study is important to human health because it helps to better understand where bacteria live on the body.

By finding out more about bacteria, and how they change over time, scientists will be better able to prevent or treat digestive problems along with other disorders.

The researchers concluded in the abstract to their paper: “These results indicate that our microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time: Such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.”

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